Domain 3 of 4 · Chapter 4 of 4

Data Quality

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Included in this chapter:

  • Write the rule in DQDL, run it from the catalog or the ETL job
  • DQDL rule types, recommendations, and gating the pipeline
  • DataBrew: profile to investigate, ruleset to validate
  • Sampling, and treating data skew as a distribution problem

Choosing a data-quality checker

CapabilityGlue Data Quality (Catalog)Glue Data Quality (ETL job)DataBrew
Rule languageDQDL rulesetDQDL rulesetVisual rules (no code)
Recommend rules for youYesNoNo
Identify failing records (row-level)NoYesProfile + validation report
Stop the job / gate the pipelineNo (evaluate at rest)Yes (rule action stops job)EventBridge-driven next action
ML anomaly / dynamic rulesNoYesNo
Profiling / column statisticsStatistics + observationsStatistics + observationsProfile job (full statistics)
Results land inS3 + CloudWatch + EventBridgeS3 + CloudWatch + EventBridgeS3 report + CloudWatch + EventBridge

Decision tree

Will anyone write code?DQDL or SparkNo, no-codeYesAWS Glue DataBrewprofile + visual rulesetBlock bad data orname failing rows?YesNoGlue Data Quality: ETL jobEvaluate Data Quality transform;fail action stops job, row-level resultsWant AWS torecommend rules?on a cataloged tableYesNoGlue DQ: Data Catalogrecommends rules; data at restEither GDQ pathauthor DQDL yourselfAlways: results to S3 + CloudWatch metric + EventBridge event

Cheat sheet

  • Glue Data Quality is serverless and rules are written in DQDL
  • The data quality score is the percentage of rules that pass
  • Run the same ruleset at rest (catalog) or in transit (ETL job)
  • Only the catalog entry point recommends rules for you
  • Only the ETL path identifies the exact records that failed
  • A failing ETL rule with the fail action stops the job
  • Dynamic rules and ML anomaly detection are ETL-only
  • Know the core DQDL rule types by what they assert
  • Check freshness with a ColumnValues date expression or DataFreshness
  • Use with threshold to allow a percentage of rows to match
  • Glue Data Quality cannot evaluate nested or list columns
  • DataBrew is the no-code path: profile to investigate first
  • A DataBrew ruleset fails if any single rule fails
  • DataBrew validation raises an EventBridge result event
  • Random sampling is the default; stratify to keep rare classes
  • Prefer incremental validation over rescanning the whole table
  • Data skew shows up as one straggler task, not a quality failure
  • Salt the hot key to spread skewed data across partitions
  • Adaptive Query Execution splits skewed joins automatically in Glue 4.0+
  • Glue Data Quality emits a 'Data Quality Evaluation Results Available' EventBridge event you can filter to FAILED
  • Glue Schema Registry compatibility mode controls which schema evolutions are allowed
  • CheckSchemaVersionValidity validates schema syntax without registering anything

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References

  1. AWS Glue Data Quality
  2. Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) reference
  3. Creating and working with AWS Glue DataBrew profile jobs
  4. Validating data quality in AWS Glue DataBrew
  5. Detect and handle data skew on AWS Glue Blog