Report Security Operations and Coordinate Incident Communications
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Included in this chapter:
- From alert to declared, prioritized, escalated or elevated incident
- The communication plan and the four communication jobs
- Coordinating with legal, HR, facilities, and providers
- Notifying regulators, law enforcement, and customers
- Public communication through approved spokespeople
- Operational security for channels and records
- Sharing boundaries with the Traffic Light Protocol
- Writing the executive summary
- Shift and incident handover
- Post-incident reporting and lessons learned
- Internal threat intelligence reports
- Detection metrics: alert volume and positive rates
- Time-based SOC metrics and their clocks
- Phishing campaign click rate
- Recognizing the right report, recipient, and metric
Four incident communication jobs: incident coordination, incident notification, public communication, incident information sharing
| Question | Incident coordination | Incident notification | Public communication | Incident information sharing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Run the response together | Formally inform affected parties and authorities | Inform the public and answer media inquiries | Help other organizations defend against the same threat |
| Typical recipients | Responders, leadership, legal, human resources, physical security, asset owners, service providers | Regulators, law enforcement, affected customers and partners | Media and the public | Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs), peer organizations, partners |
| Who speaks | Incident lead and response team | Designated individuals under the plan, with legal involvement | Public relations or the designated spokesperson | Authorized staff under sharing agreements |
| Driven by | Incident response plan and communication plan | Laws, regulations, contracts, plan criteria, management approval | Media communication and disclosure procedures | Usually voluntary; sharing agreements and TLP labels |
| Typical failure | Coordinating on a channel the attacker can read | Treating a press release or police report as the required regulator notice | Analysts answering reporters from working notes | Forwarding information beyond its TLP boundary |
Decision tree
Cheat sheet
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References
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-61r3.pdf
- https://www.comptia.org/en-us/certifications/cybersecurity-analyst/v4/
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-61r2.pdf
- https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CRR_Resource_Guide-VM_0.pdf
- https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-03/StopRansomware-Guide%20508.pdf
- https://gdpr-info.eu/art-33-gdpr/
- https://gdpr.eu/article-34-communication-of-a-personal-data-breach
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/out_of_band
- https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/Federal_Government_Cybersecurity_Incident_and_Vulnerability_Response_Playbooks_508C.pdf
- https://www.first.org/tlp/
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-150.pdf
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/after_action_report
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/root_cause_analysis
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/indicator
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/tactics_techniques_and_procedures
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/false_positive
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/false_negative
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-94.pdf
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2014/nist.ir.7972.pdf
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-55v1.pdf
- https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/mean_time_to_detect
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/manage-soc-with-incident-metrics
- https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/TechnicalNotes/NIST.TN.2276.pdf