Domain 3 of 3 · Chapter 1 of 2

Detect threats by using Microsoft Defender XDR

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Included in this chapter:

  • Three hunting surfaces in the Defender portal
  • The Advanced hunting workspace
  • Who can query which Advanced hunting tables
  • What data Advanced hunting can see
  • Choosing the right schema table
  • KQL operators for filtering and shaping results
  • Correlating tables: union, join, and find
  • Query limits, cost, and complete results
  • Finding and prioritizing threat analytics reports
  • Reading a threat analytics report
  • Hunting graphs: predefined scenarios and filters
  • Blast radius on the incident graph
  • Sentinel graph and custom graphs
  • Practice: threat hunting in the Microsoft Defender portal

Advanced hunting vs threat analytics vs Sentinel graph

AspectAdvanced huntingThreat analyticsSentinel graph
Question it answersWhich records match my hypothesis?What is this threat, and does it touch us?How are entities connected, and where could an attacker go?
Unit of evidenceRows in schema tables (events and entities)Analyst report, impact and exposure charts, IOCsNodes (entities) and edges (relationships)
How you workKQL in advanced mode, or the guided-mode query builderRead the report tabs, then pivot to incidents and IOCsPredefined scenarios, blast radius on an incident node, GQL for custom graphs
Coverage limit30 days of native Defender XDR data; Sentinel tables per analytics-tier retentionProduct-specific tabs need that product and the matching permissionsPossible paths only, limited by available data and the viewer's scope
Typical next stepCorrelate with related tables, then save or share the queryHunt for the report's IOCs and techniques in Advanced huntingContain nodes along a path and confirm activity with event records

Decision tree

Start from a trackedthreat or campaign?YesThreat analyticsreport and IOCsNoNeed relationshipsor reach, not rows?NoAdvanced huntingKQL over tablesYesStarting from anincident entity?YesBlast radiusincident graphNoDefine your ownnodes and edges?YesCustom graphqueried with GQLNoHunting graphpredefined scenarioAlways: confirm hunting graph andblast radius paths with event records

Cheat sheet

  • DeviceProcessEvents is the source for process creation investigations
  • Connection activity and network configuration require different tables
  • DeviceFileEvents records file creation and modification
  • DeviceRegistryEvents exposes registry entry creation and modification
  • DeviceLogonEvents provides device authentication activity
  • DeviceEvents includes activity generated by endpoint security controls
  • DeviceFileCertificateInfo provides signed-file certificate evidence
  • Device vulnerability observations and vulnerability knowledge are separate datasets
  • Configuration assessment status and configuration definitions occupy separate tables
  • Software evidence locates the artifacts supporting a detected installation
  • DeviceTvmInfoGathering pairs attack-surface observations with assessment metadata
  • DeviceTvmHardwareFirmware supplies hardware and firmware inventory evidence
  • Browser-extension installations and extension permissions require complementary sources
  • DeviceTvmCertificateInfo supplies device certificate inventory
  • Baseline compliance hunts separate device snapshots, configuration definitions, and monitored profiles
  • AlertInfo describes alerts while AlertEvidence identifies their associated entities
  • EmailPostDeliveryEvents tracks security events after message delivery
  • EmailUrlInfo identifies embedded URLs while UrlClickEvents records Safe Links clicks
  • EmailAttachmentInfo is the attachment metadata source for email hunts
  • IdentityQueryEvents captures queries for Active Directory objects
  • Entra user sign-ins and service-principal sign-ins use separate hunting tables
  • CloudAppEvents supplies activity involving accounts and cloud application objects
  • BehaviorInfo and BehaviorEntities separate behavior records from involved entities
  • Teams message investigations use message-specific tables
  • Exposure graph KQL queries separate entity properties from relationship evidence
  • Cloud infrastructure audit and DNS hunts use dedicated telemetry tables
  • Purview activity violations and suspicious-behavior insights use different tables
  • CampaignInfo supplies the campaign context behind related email messages
  • FileMaliciousContentInfo supplies collaboration-file evidence outside email attachments
  • OAuthAppInfo describes connected applications rather than their operation history
  • IdentityAccountInfo connects account context to the owning identity
  • MessageContents supplies Teams message snippets for content-focused hunts
  • CallActivityEvents is the hunting source for activity during Teams calls
  • Cloud runtime hunts distinguish process execution from storage activity
  • CloudPolicyEnforcementEvents explains security-gating outcomes
  • AgentsInfo describes AI agents as investigation entities
  • IdentityEvents extends identity-event hunting beyond Entra-specific sign-ins
  • Disruption-event hunts require disruption telemetry rather than process history
  • GraphAPIAuditEvents is the Advanced hunting source for Microsoft Graph requests
  • KQL hunting time filters use UTC regardless of display timezone
  • Use has for whole terms and contains for substrings
  • Case-sensitive equality and case-insensitive equality are different KQL choices
  • Summarize groups events before an aggregate threshold is evaluated
  • Extend adds calculated columns while project controls the returned schema
  • Top selects ordered results while limit only caps the row count
  • Make_set retains distinct evidence values within each summarized group
  • Typed literals and conversions keep hunting predicates aligned with column types
  • Has_any finds any listed term inside a command line
  • Let bindings parameterize hunts while semicolons separate statements
  • Case-insensitive value operators do not relax KQL identifier casing
  • KQL pipelines transform intermediate results without rewriting their source data
  • Union combines event streams while join matches related records
  • Use an inner join when every matching left-side event must survive
  • A shared entity key does not establish that two events belong to the same sequence
  • Process IDs alone cannot uniquely identify an execution instance
  • Reduce the event set before parsing or transforming strings
  • Choose join distribution strategies based on input size and key cardinality
  • Find discovers predicate matches across tables before a hunt is narrowed
  • ADX cross-resource hunting is supported from Sentinel hunting and Log Analytics
  • The in-portal schema reference explains valid table fields and event types
  • The cursor selects which separated query runs in the hunting editor
  • The query resources report identifies costly and throttled hunting activity
  • Organization-wide query resource visibility requires Security Reader or higher
  • Command-line hunts should tolerate irrelevant formatting and argument order
  • Guided hunting builds queries visually while advanced mode accepts authored KQL
  • A hunting result below the row cap can still be truncated by size
  • Hunting events arrive after transmission while entity context refreshes hourly
  • Email metadata hunting requires a different URBAC permission from alert reading
  • A historical hunt is meaningful only within its source's searchable window
  • Shared hunting logic provides a starting point rather than a finished local investigation
  • High-impact threats and highest-exposure threats answer different prioritization questions
  • The Analyst report provides attack-chain context and hunting guidance
  • Impacted assets distinguishes affected entities from alert totals
  • Endpoints exposure shows weaknesses rather than proof of compromise
  • Threat analytics recommended actions cover Secure Score-tracked recommendations
  • Not available can mean a threat report lacks linked assessment data
  • Reading threat reports does not automatically expose every product's organizational evidence
  • The Indicators tab retains expired IOCs for retrospective investigation
  • Alerts over time reveals progress in resolving a threat's alerts
  • Threat tags select subject matter while categories select report types
  • Related incidents connects a tracked threat to organizational response records
  • The Threat Intelligence Briefing Agent adds organizational relevance to threat reporting
  • Predefined hunting scenarios render graphs from a scenario and its inputs
  • Entity relationship map explores a seed entity's direct connections
  • Attack paths to critical asset starts from the asset to identify possible routes
  • Access to key vaults reveals direct and indirect paths to a selected vault
  • Choose storage-access scenarios according to the known starting entity
  • Choke points to SQL data stores identifies nodes shared by many access paths
  • Identity graph scenarios distinguish application privilege from directory escalation
  • Graph filters constrain node properties, edge types, and direction
  • Blast radius combines observed incident context with possible future reach
  • The initial blast radius view displays eight top-rated attack paths
  • Permissions can remove paths containing out-of-scope entities
  • Missing workloads and undefined critical assets reduce blast radius coverage
  • Blast radius is limited by data freshness and modeled attack vectors
  • Sentinel graph expresses security context as nodes and typed relationships
  • Custom graph analysis uses Graph Query Language and a node-edge schema
  • Publish a graph job for continued access after notebook analysis
  • The MCP path-discovery tool evaluates connections for lateral movement
  • Custom graphs connect evidence across Sentinel and non-Microsoft data
  • Custom graph authoring hands off from Sentinel notebooks to the Defender Graphs page

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References

  1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/
  2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-overview
  3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/manage-data-overview
  4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/threat-analytics
  5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/datalake/sentinel-graph-overview
  6. https://learn.microsoft.com/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-modes
  7. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-limits
  8. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-query-language
  9. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/let-statement
  10. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-shared-queries
  11. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/mdo-portal-permissions
  12. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-schema-tables
  13. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-deviceinfo-table
  14. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-entraidsigninevents-table
  15. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-entraidspnsigninevents-table
  16. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security-exposure-management/query-enterprise-exposure-graph
  17. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-best-practices
  18. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/in-operator
  19. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/summarize-operator
  20. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/datatypes-string-operators
  21. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/make-set-aggregation-function
  22. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/tolong-function
  23. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/find-operator?view=microsoft-fabric
  24. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/search-operator
  25. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/hunting
  26. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/logs/azure-monitor-data-explorer-proxy
  27. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/threat-intel-briefing-agent-defender
  28. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/threat-analytics-indicators
  29. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-graph
  30. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security-exposure-management/prerequisites
  31. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/investigate-incidents
  32. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/investigate-incident-cases
  33. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/datalake/custom-graphs-overview
  34. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/kusto/query/make-graph-operator
  35. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/datalake/sentinel-mcp-data-exploration-tool