Domain 2 of 3 · Chapter 1 of 3

Respond to alerts and incidents in Microsoft Defender XDR

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Included in this chapter:

  • One incident, many owning workloads
  • Investigating a multi-stage attack in the incident
  • Automatic attack disruption
  • Investigating email with Threat Explorer
  • Remediating email: actions, approval, and results
  • Office 365 AIR investigations
  • Recovering a compromised mailbox
  • Investigating and classifying identity risk
  • Remediating a compromised identity
  • Defender for Identity alerts
  • Defender for Cloud workload alerts
  • Defender for Cloud Apps governance actions
  • Insider risk alerts and cases in Microsoft Purview
  • Data loss prevention alerts in the Defender portal
  • Microsoft Sentinel incidents
  • Investigating with Security Copilot and Defender Chat
  • Managing incidents with case management
  • Practice: responding to incidents in the Microsoft Defender portal

Where each owning workload investigates and remediates

Owning workloadInvestigate withRemediate withLooks like remediation, is not
Defender for Office 365Threat Explorer views and AIR investigationsMove and delete actions (soft or hard delete), approved through the Action centerRemediation status Completed (can include failures)
Microsoft Entra ID ProtectionRisk reports for risky users, sign-ins, and detectionsSecure password change, temporary password, block, revoke sessionsDismiss user risk (password unchanged)
Defender for IdentityAlert story, alert graph, Important informationDisable user on domain controllers running the sensorAlert classification and Resolved status
Defender for Cloud AppsConnected-app files and the governance logGovernance actions such as Remove external users or Suspend userConfirm user compromised alone (raises risk and enforces configured Entra policy actions, not proof of completed remediation)
Defender for CloudAlert details and Inspect resource contextMitigate the threat steps or Trigger automated responsePrevent future attacks recommendations; Dismissed status
Microsoft PurviewInsider risk case views; DLP alert story and Sensitive info types; escalate insider risk case to eDiscovery for further investigationDLP Unshare or Delete ([files in SharePoint Online or OneDrive for Business](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/dlp-investigate-alerts-defender))Insider risk user notice (case stays open)
Microsoft SentinelDefender incident, or the Azure portal incident pageRun playbook on the current incidentCreate automation rule (future incidents only)

Decision tree

Remediate emailin mailboxes?YesDefender forOffice 365NoInsider risk or DLPpolicy match?YesMicrosoftPurviewNoCloud sign-in oruser risk?YesEntra IDProtectionNoOn-premises ADaccount?YesDefender forIdentityNoUser or file in aconnected SaaS app?YesDefender forCloud AppsNoDevice response action,such as isolation?YesDefender forEndpointNoWorkspace incidentfrom an analytics rule?YesMicrosoftSentinelNoAzure or multicloud resource:Defender for Cloud

Cheat sheet

  • Email remediation can require a separate approver
  • Soft deletion preserves a recovery path for removed messages
  • A completed email remediation can still contain failed items
  • Mailbox recovery must inspect attacker-created message-handling rules
  • An email-led attack can trigger containment of identities and devices
  • Office 365 AIR expands from evidence and does not always wait for manual approval
  • Office 365 AIR depends on Plan 2, auditing, and eligible alert triggers
  • Threat Explorer supports investigations beyond malicious delivery-time detections
  • Latest delivery location tracks security handling rather than every user mailbox action
  • Primary override source identifies the override that determined message handling
  • URL click actions distinguish enforced blocks from user overrides
  • Explorer filters use alternative property values and a shared condition operator
  • Message preview requires content authority beyond email metadata access
  • Content malware exposes collaboration-file threats outside mailboxes
  • Tracking a saved Explorer query enables periodic background investigation
  • A legacy incident's empty Investigations tab does not establish that Office 365 AIR never ran
  • An insider-risk case groups alerts for one user
  • Insider-risk investigations protect user identities by default
  • Administrative-unit scope limits which insider-risk cases an investigator can own
  • An insider-risk case can be escalated for deeper eDiscovery investigation
  • Resolving an insider-risk case classifies all alerts currently in the case
  • Needs review alerts require contextual triage before escalation or dismissal
  • Insider-risk evidence views distinguish activity chronology from associated content
  • Forensic evidence clips help distinguish risky behavior from activity taken out of context
  • A workload alert must be investigated against the affected resource's evidence
  • Immediate threat mitigation and preventive hardening are separate response steps
  • A Defender for Cloud alert can launch an automated response directly
  • Suppression is appropriate for recurring verified-benign workload alerts
  • Agentless findings may remain after an agent-based threat has been remediated
  • Dismissed records the completion of a workload alert response
  • Cloud app governance actions depend on the connected application's capabilities
  • Remove external users preserves a different access scope than Make private
  • Directory synchronization can reverse a cloud app user suspension
  • Confirm user compromised raises identity risk for downstream policy enforcement
  • Overlapping governance policies do not always resolve by policy order
  • Successful MFA can remediate an eligible risky sign-in
  • Secure password change for user risk requires MFA first
  • Resetting a risky user's password requires password-management authority
  • An MFA claim does not automatically clear token-theft detections
  • Attacker-registered authentication methods must be removed during identity recovery
  • Risk reports require behavioral corroboration before an identity verdict
  • Password-spray and leaked-credential detections require credential-exposure triage
  • Verified travel or sanctioned VPN use can explain an atypical-travel detection
  • Identity risk disposition records the investigation rather than replacing recovery
  • Active attacker access calls for blocking and session revocation alongside password recovery
  • On-premises password changes clear hybrid user risk only with the required opt-in
  • A high-confidence built-in block is identified by its sign-in failure reason
  • Identity alert stories distinguish chronology from entity relationships
  • Classic identity alert exports include the supporting sensor activities
  • Identity entity attributes and learned behavior are different evidence sets
  • Identity alert comments and history preserve investigation context for the team
  • Disabling an Active Directory user is enforced through identity remediation
  • Authorized detected activity is a benign true positive rather than a false positive
  • Identity alert discovery must include both Identity and XDR sources
  • Identity alert assignment and status track responsibility and investigation progress
  • An analytics-rule query is a direct pivot from an incident to its underlying results
  • Go hunt can expand an incident investigation beyond its currently attached alerts
  • Relevant hunting evidence can be attached to the incident under investigation
  • The user-anomaly investigation pivot depends on Sentinel UEBA
  • Similar incidents reveal potentially related investigations rather than confirmed duplicates
  • Run playbook invokes a response for the investigation already in progress
  • Incident entity context must be expanded when an investigation reaches beyond seven days
  • The classic investigation graph requires mapped entities and a supported incident age
  • Changing alert associations refines an incident's investigation scope
  • Sentinel incident comments have different editing and deletion permissions
  • The incident timeline reconstructs chronology from both alerts and hunting bookmarks
  • Exploration queries extend the classic graph and expose the evidence behind its relationships
  • Add to TI promotes an investigated malicious observable into workspace threat intelligence
  • Copilot incident summaries condense the attack and its affected assets
  • Guided responses and script analysis answer different investigative questions
  • Defender Chat can resolve references from the current investigation page
  • A proposed multi-step chat investigation waits for analyst approval
  • Incident cases can retain the status and outputs of agentic work
  • Copilot entity analysis should match the evidence being assessed
  • An incident report consolidates response work rather than only the attack overview
  • Copilot investigation requires provisioned access and relevant enabled plugins
  • Defender Chat history is local to the browser rather than a shared investigation record
  • A correlated incident supplies attack context that isolated alerts cannot
  • The incident attack graph connects suspicious activity to the assets involved
  • Blast radius analysis shows potential propagation paths, not only observed compromise
  • An alert's correlation reason helps explain why it belongs to an incident
  • Evidence verdict and remediation status answer different questions
  • Generic cases track SecOps work that is not generated by incident correlation
  • Case tasks make response responsibilities and deadlines explicit
  • Managing generic cases needs less privilege than configuring their templates
  • Case activity can be audited in the SecurityCaseEvent table
  • Incident-case access does not grant every workload response action
  • Case-level tracking establishes overall ownership and response priority
  • Case management belongs in Defender and requires a workspace only for dependent scenarios
  • Built-in tuning can route DLP signals to behaviors instead of incidents
  • Reading a DLP alert does not automatically authorize reading its sensitive content
  • Unshare is a direct response to an exposed SharePoint or OneDrive item
  • DLP investigations can pivot into audit activity through CloudAppEvents
  • A DLP match and the associated egress event provide complementary evidence
  • A DLP Rule Undo event can result from content or policy changes

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References

  1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/alerts-incidents-correlation
  2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/incidents-overview
  3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/investigate-incidents
  4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/audit-search
  5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/edisc-search-query
  6. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/respond-machine-alerts
  7. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/remediate-malicious-email-delivered-office-365
  8. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/dlp-investigate-alerts-defender
  9. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/investigate-incident-cases
  10. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/manage-rbac
  11. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/manage-incident-cases
  12. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-go-hunt
  13. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/advanced-hunting-overview
  14. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/automatic-attack-disruption
  15. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/configure-attack-disruption
  16. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/threat-explorer-real-time-detections-about
  17. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/m365d-action-center
  18. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/air-about
  19. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/air-examples
  20. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/air-view-investigation-results
  21. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-office-365/responding-to-a-compromised-email-account
  22. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/concept-identity-protection-risks
  23. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/howto-identity-protection-investigate-risk
  24. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/howto-identity-protection-risk-feedback
  25. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-protection/howto-identity-protection-remediate-unblock
  26. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/users/users-revoke-access
  27. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-for-identity/manage-security-alerts
  28. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-for-identity/investigate-security-alerts
  29. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/microsoft-365-defender
  30. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/managing-and-responding-alerts
  31. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/governance-actions
  32. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/insider-risk-management
  33. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/insider-risk-management-cases
  34. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/insider-risk-management-settings-privacy
  35. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/insider-risk-management-activities
  36. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/dlp-learn-about-dlp
  37. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/data-classification-activity-explorer
  38. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/investigate-incidents
  39. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/relate-alerts-to-incidents
  40. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sentinel/automation/automate-responses-with-playbooks
  41. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/security-copilot-in-microsoft-365-defender
  42. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/security-copilot-m365d-create-incident-report
  43. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/manage-incidents
  44. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/siem-defender-case-management
  45. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/isoc-overview
  46. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/agentic-security/agentic-security-overview
  47. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/manage-cases
  48. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-xdr/manage-generic-case-tasks